| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1
| Negara |
Pengeluar Minyak
| Subsidi Minyak |
# Pengeluar Dunia
|
Harga USD/L
|
Harga RM/L
| Harga Tempatan | Tarikh |
2
| Venezuela | Ya | Subsidi | 9 | 0.015 | 0.0489 |
BsF. 0.097/L (95)
BsF. 0.070/L (91) BsF. 0.048/L (diesel) | 12/12/2010 |
3
|
Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Jeddah)
| Ya | Subsidi | 2 | 0.16 | 0.5216 | SAR 0.45/L (91 RON) SAR 0.60/L (95 RON) | 13/09/2011 |
4
| Libya | Ya | 27 | 0.17 | 0.5542 |
LD 0.2/L (95), LD 0.15/L (diesel)
Oct 2010: LD135 fuel tax at border for foreign vehicles | 07/11/2010 | |
5
| Turkmenistan | Ya | 42 | 0.19 | 0.6194 | TMN 0.54 /LI - | 13/09/2011 | |
6
| Qatar (Doha) | Ya | 18 | 0.22 | 0.7172 | QAR 1.00/L (97 Octane) QAR 0.85/L (90 Octane) | 22/01/2011 | |
7
| Kuwait | Ya | Subsidi | 11 | 0.224 | 0.73024 |
KWD 0.060/L (91)
KWD 0.065/L (95) KWD 0.090/L (98) | 30/06/2010 |
8
| Bahrain | Ya | Subsidi | 63 | 0.27 | 0.8802 |
BHD 0.100/L (95 RON)
BHD 0.080/L (91 RON) BHD 0.120/L (Diesel) | 25/12/2013 |
9
| Oman | Ya | 25 | 0.31 | 1.0106 | 0.12 Rials/L | 01/08/2010 | |
10
| Iraq | Ya | 7 | 0.38 | 1.2388 |
ID 450/L (95 Octane)
ID 000/L (98 Octane) ID 400/L (Diesel) | 03/04/2013 | |
11
| Brunei | Ya | Subsidi | 48 | 0.39 | 1.2714 | BR$0.53/L | 05/06/2008 |
12
| Iran | Ya |
Subsidi 100L sebulan / kereta
2010-2015 Subsidi dihapuskan | 4 | 0.39 | 1.2714 |
10000 Rials/L petrol (7000 rationed)
5000 Rials/L diesel (2500 rationed) | 25/04/2014 |
13
| Algeria | Ya | 15 | 0.41 | 1.3366 |
30DA/L 95 octane (rare down south)
regular 23DA/L diesel DA14/L or US$0.2 | 07/11/2010 | |
14
| Ecuador | Ya | 30 | 0.44 | 1.4344 | US$1.68/US gallon (super) | 15/11/2011 | |
15
| UAE | Ya | 8 | 0.498 | 1.62348 |
AED 1.72/L (95 Octane)
AED 1.83/L (98 Octane) AED 2.60/L (Diesel) | 31/12/2011 | |
16
| Bolivia | Ya | Subsidi | 66 | 0.54 | 1.7604 | B3.74/L (super) B3.72/L (diesel) | 30/12/2010 |
17
| Angola | Ya | 16 | 0.62 | 2.0212 | 13/07/2011 | ||
18
| Guatemala | Ya | 78 | 0.64 | 2.0864 |
Q19.99/US gallon(regular)
Q16.79/US gallon(diesel) | 14/04/2009 | |
19
| Trinidad and Tobago | Ya | Subsidi | 45 | 0.64 | 2.0864 | TT$2.70/L (92) TT$5.75/L (95) TT$1.50/L (diesel) | 01/12/2011 |
20
| Malaysia | Ya | Subsidi (RON95) | 29 | 0.7 | 2.282 |
MYR 2.85/L (RON97)
MYR 2.30/L (RON95) MYR 2.20/L (Diesel) | 02/10/2014 |
21
| Yemen | Ya | 37 | 0.73 | 2.3798 | 150 Rials/L (diesel) | 09/09/2009 | |
22
| Pakistan | Ya | 59 | 0.75 | 2.445 |
PKR 107.97/L (Unleaded Premium)
PKR 131.26/L (Unleaded-Hi Octane) PKR 109.34/L (Diesel) PKR 105.48/L (E10 Gasoline) PKR 71.50 to 76.35/KG (CNG) | 01/05/2014 | |
23
| Mexico (Mexico City) | Ya | Subsidi | 10 | 0.77 | 2.5102 | MX$10.09/L(Magna 87) MX$10.78/L(Premium 92) | 14/04/2012 |
24
| North Korea | Ya | 110 | 0.77 | 2.5102 | KP? 111/L | 26/12/2009 | |
25
| Syria | Ya | 32 | 0.8333 | 2.716558 | SY 50 pound/L (unleaded) SY 15 pound/L (Diesel) | 03/01/2012 | |
26
| Nigeria (Lagos) | Ya | Subsidi | 13 | 0.87 | 2.8362 | N141/L | 01/01/2012 |
27
| Egypt | Ya | Subsidi | 28 | 0.9 | 2.934 |
LE 1.60/L <80 octane
LE 2.60/L <92 octane LE 6.25/L <95 octane LE 1.8/L diesel ('solar') | 05/07/2014 |
28
| Russia (Kaliningrad) | Ya | 1 | 0.91 | 2.9666 | RUR 25.3/L (diesel) | 15/07/2011 | |
29
| Argentina | Ya | 26 | 0.92 | 2.9992 |
ARS $11.98/L (95)
ARS $12.98/L (98) ARS $10.59/L (diesel) | 27/08/2014 | |
30
| Mauritania | Ya | 76 | 0.94 | 3.0644 |
UM265/L petrol
UM225/L diesel Prices 10-20% more up north | 07/11/2010 | |
31
| Russia (Moscow) | Ya | 1 | 0.94 | 3.0644 |
RUR 30.29/L (RON 98)
RUR 27.29/L (RON 95) RUR 25.89/L (RON 92) RUR 23.49/L (RON 80) RUR 25.29/L (Winter diesel) | 24/02/2011 | |
32
| Puerto Rico | Ya | 102 | 0.96 | 3.1296 | $0.957/L (95) $0.987/L (98) $0.997/L (Diesel) | 08/04/2011 | |
33
| Kazakhstan | Ya | 17 | 0.98 | 3.1948 | KZT145/L (unleaded 95) KZT106/L (unleaded 92) | 02/11/2011 | |
34
| Tunisia | Ya | 55 | 0.99 | 3.2274 |
TND 1.27/L (€0.67) (95 RON)
TND 0.91/L (€0.48) (Diesel) | 24/09/2009 | |
35
| Azerbaijan | Ya | 21 | 1 | 3.26 |
AZN 0.70/L (AI-80, AI-92)
AZN 0.80/L (AI-95) AZN 1.50/L (AI-98) AZN 0.60/L (L-62 Diesel) | 02/12/2013 | |
36
| United States | Ya | Subsidi | 3 | 1.024 | 3.33824 | $3.49/US gallon $4.01/US gallon (diesel) | 05/11/2012 |
37
| Sierra Leone | Ya | 113 | 1.05 | 3.423 | Le4500/L | 27/05/2011 | |
38
| Burma | Ya | Subsidi | 74 | 1.06 | 3.4556 |
K3100/imperial gallon (regular)
K3300/imperial gallon (diesel) | 21/11/2008 |
39
| China | Ya | 5 | 1.06 | 3.4556 | RMB 6.46/L | 08/02/2012 | |
40
| Belarus | Ya | 69 | 1.07 | 3.4882 | Br3240/L (95) Br2580/L (Diesel) | 12/05/2010 | |
41
| Uzbekistan | Ya | 55 | 1.07 | 3.4882 | UZ SUM 1755/L (95) | 01/01/2011 | |
42
| Colombia | Ya | 20 | 1.09 | 3.5534 |
COL$8000/US gallon (81 Octanos)
COL$9595/US gallon (87 Octanos) | 30/11/2010 | |
43
| Aruba | Ya | 101 | 1.1 | 3.586 | Fl. 1.93/L | 12/12/2009 | |
44
| Vietnam | Ya | Subsidi (RON92) | 36 | 1.11 | 3.6186 |
VND 25,070/L (RON 95)
VND 24,570/L (RON 92) VND 22,310/L (Diesel) | 18/07/2013 |
45
| Panama | Ya | 115 | 1.15 | 3.749 |
US$3.35/US gallon (95)
US$2.99/US gallon (diesel) | 10/07/2014 | |
46
| Canada | Ya | 6 | 1.18 | 3.8468 | C$1.16/L | 19/12/2012 | |
47
| Taiwan | Ya | 38 | 1.2034 | 3.923084 |
NT$34.0/L (92 unleaded)
NT$35.5/L (95 unleaded) NT$37.5/L (98 unleaded) | 02/04/2012 | |
48
| South Africa | Ya | 43 | 1.21 | 3.9446 | R13.59/L | 04/02/2014 | |
49
| Indonesia | Ya | Subsidi (RON88) | 22 | 1.22 | 3.9772 |
Rp 6500/L (subsidized)(RON 88)
Rp 9200/L (RON 92) Rp 9530/L (RON 95) Rp 35000 (RON 100) Rp 5500/L (subsidized)(Diesel) | 21/06/2013 |
50
| Cuba | Ya | 64 | 1.24 | 4.0424 | CUC1.15/L (95) CUC1.30/L (98) CUC1.10/L (diesel) | 02/03/2011 | |
51
| Ukraine | Ya | 53 | 1.24 | 4.0424 | UAH 9.90/L (95 Octane) UAH 9.50/L (diesel) | 19/04/2011 | |
52
| Philippines (Manila) | Ya | 79 | 1.295 | 4.2217 | P 54.00/L | 25/09/2012 | |
53
| India | Ya | 23 | 1.3 | 4.238 |
81.31/L (Petrol)
62.60/L (diesel) 414/14.2 kg (Domestic LPG) | 06/01/2014 | |
54
| Brazil | Ya | 12 | 1.35 | 4.401 | R$2.98/L | 03/03/2013 | |
55
| Australia | Ya | 31 | 1.36 | 4.4336 |
A$1.517/L (RON 91)
A$1.601/L (diesel) A$0.932/L (LPG) | 24/01/2014 | |
56
| Chile | Ya | 84 | 1.36 | 4.4336 | CLP 592/L | 23/12/2010 | |
57
| Belize | Ya | 97 | 1.4 | 4.564 |
BZ$10.18/US gallon (regular)
BZ$10.59/US gallon (premium) BZ$10.24/US gallon (diesel) | 21/12/2011 | |
58
| Thailand | Ya | 33 | 1.42 | 4.6292 |
฿37.38/L (Gasohol 95-E10)
฿43.75/L (RON 91), ฿35.38/L (Gasohol 91-E10) ฿32.19/L (Diesel) | 24/11/2012 | |
59
| Albania | Ya | 91 | 1.44 | 4.6944 |
ALL165/L (€1.18) (RON 95)
ALL160/L (€1.14) (Diesel) | 13/08/2011 | |
60
| Morocco | Ya | 96 | 1.5 | 4.89 |
MAD 12.65/L (€1.50) (95)
MAD 8.65/L (€1.02) (Diesel) | 14/05/2013 | |
61
| Uruguay (Montevideo) | Ya | 103 | 1.52 | 4.9552 | U$ 29.7/L | 26/12/2009 | |
62
| Suriname | Ya | 58 | 1.55 | 5.053 | SR$5/L | 15/08/2011 | |
63
| Barbados | Ya | 106 | 1.59 | 5.1834 | Bd$3.17/L (reg) Bd$2.79/L (diesel) | 25/12/2013 | |
64
| Zambia | Ya | 109 | 1.61 | 5.2486 | ZK7639/L (Gasoline) | 24/09/2010 | |
65
| Peru (Lima) | Ya | 46 | 1.62 | 5.2812 |
PEN S/.16.00/US gallon (95 Octane)
S/.8.46/US gallon (diesel) | 26/12/2009 | |
66
| Singapore | Ya | 83 | 1.67 | 5.4442 |
S$2.50/L (RON 98)
S$2.16/L (RON 95) S$2.10/L (RON 92) S$2.00/L (Diesel) | 21/06/2011 | |
67
| Bulgaria | Ya | 100 | 1.72 | 5.6072 |
BGN 2.57/L (95)
BGN 2.73/L (98) BGN 2.62/L (diesel) | 07/03/2012 | |
68
| Spain | Ya | 70 | 1.78 | 5.8028 | €1.33/L (95 RON) €1.29/L (Diesel) | 06/04/2011 | |
69
| New Zealand | Ya | 57 | 1.81 | 5.9006 |
NZ$2.199/L (91 octane)
NZ$2.279/L (95 octane) NZ$1.569/L (diesel) | 13/08/2012 | |
70
| Poland | Ya | 68 | 1.81 | 5.9006 | PLN 5.59/L (95) PLN 5.67/L (diesel) | 03/02/2012 | |
71
| South Korea | Ya | 65 | 1.81 | 5.9006 | KRW 2,043.61/L | 31/03/2012 | |
72
| Estonia | Ya | 86 | 1.82 | 5.9332 |
€1.394/L (95 RON)
€1.434/L (98 RON) €1.379/L (diesel) | 15/08/2012 | |
73
| Japan | Ya | 49 | 1.84 | 5.9984 | ¥152.7/L | 25/04/2011 | |
74
| Czech Republic | Ya | 82 | 1.85 | 6.031 |
CZK 34.90/L (95)
CZK 35.90/L (98) CZK 34.50/L (diesel) | 06/03/2014 | |
75
| Croatia | Ya | 71 | 1.87 | 6.0962 |
HRK 10.27/L (95)
HRK 10.59/L (98) HRK 9.38/L (diesel) | 13/06/2013 | |
76
| Slovenia | Ya | 114 | 1.88 | 6.1288 |
€1.412/L (95 Octane)
€1.428/L (100 Octane) €1.302/L (Diesel) | 09/02/2012 | |
77
| Lithuania | Ya | 89 | 1.92 | 6.2592 | LTL 4.60/L (95) LTL 4.74/L (diesel) | 06/04/2011 | |
78
| Serbia | Ya | 80 | 1.92 | 6.2592 |
EuroPremium 95 RSD 166.7/L (€1.46/L)
Premium 95 RSD 157.9/L (€1.39/L) EuroDiesel RSD 161.4/L (€1.42) | 31/10/2012 | |
79
| Austria (Vienna) | Ya | 72 | 1.95 | 6.357 |
€1.491/L (95)
€1.633/L (98) €1.446/L (diesel) €0.991/Kg (CNG-Methane) | 06/04/2011 | |
80
| Slovakia | Ya | 95 | 1.98 | 6.4548 |
€1.490/L (95 Natural)
€1.429/L (Diesel) €0.695/L (LPG) | 23/01/2012 | |
81
| Romania (Bucharest) | Ya | 50 | 1.99 | 6.4874 | RON 6.33/L (95) RON 6.36/L (diesel) | 01/04/2014 | |
82
| Portugal | Ya | 94 | 2.08 | 6.7808 |
€1.597/L (95)
€1.759/L (98) €1.429/L (Diesel) €0.894 (Autogas) | 07/01/2014 | |
83
| Germany | Ya | 44 | 2.09 | 6.8134 |
€1.65/L (Super E5, 95 RON)
€1.69/L (SuperPlus E5, 98 RON) €1.61/L (Super E10, 95 RON) €1.47/L (Diesel) | 08/05/2012 | |
84
| Switzerland | Ya | 99 | 2.09 | 6.8134 |
CHF 1.81/L (Bleifrei 95)
CHF 1.87/L (Super Plus 98) CHF 1.94/L (diesel) | 06/04/2011 | |
85
| Sweden | Ya | 93 | 2.1 | 6.846 |
SEK 14.53/L (95),
SEK 14.90/L (98), SEK 14.24/L (diesel) | 03/04/2013 | |
86
| Hungary | Ya | 73 | 2.14 | 6.9764 |
HUF 415/L (95),
HUF 440/L (diesel) HUF 350/L (E85) HUF 221/L (LPG) | 14/01/2012 | |
87
| Israel | Ya | 98 | 2.14 | 6.9764 |
ILS 7.54/L (95)
ILS 7.8/L (diesel) ILS 4.21/L (LPG-autogas) | 12/02/2014 | |
88
| Ireland | Ya | 107 | 2.15 | 7.009 | €1.490/L (Unleaded 95) €1.450/L (Diesel) | 06/04/2011 | |
89
| Greece | Ya | 88 | 2.2 | 7.172 | €1.599/L (unleaded) €1.285/L (diesel) | 06/03/2014 | |
90
| Belgium | Ya | 81 | 2.23 | 7.2698 |
€1.719/L (Eurosuper 95)
€1.759/L (Super Plus 98) €1.538/L (Diesel) €0.713/L (LPG) | 08/05/2012 | |
91
| France | Ya | 56 | 2.28 | 7.4328 |
€1.585/L (95)
€1.468/L (diesel) €1.226/Kg (CNG-Methane) | 06/04/2011 | |
92
| United Kingdom | Ya | 19 | 2.28 | 7.4328 |
£1.41/L (Unleaded)
£1.49/L (Super) £1.48/L (Diesel) | 01/04/2012 | |
93
| Italy | Ya | 47 | 2.31 | 7.5306 |
€1.748/L (Eurosuper)
€1.907/L (98 RON) €1.660/L (Diesel) €1.774/L (Special_Diesel) €0.768/L (LPG-autogas) €0.989/Kg (CNG-Methane) National average, does not include self-service discounts. | 07/10/2013 | |
94
| Finland | Ya | 85 | 2.33 | 7.5958 | €1.601/L (98E RON) €1.364/L (Diesel) | 06/04/2011 | |
95
| Denmark | Ya | 40 | 2.35 | 7.661 |
DKK 13.52/L (€1.81) (95)
DKK 12.04/L (€1.61) (diesel) | 09/10/2012 | |
96
| Turkey | Ya | 62 | 2.38 | 7.7588 | TL 5.01/L (95 RON) TL 4.33/L (Diesel) | 27/05/2014 | |
97
| Netherlands | Ya | 61 | 2.47 | 8.0522 |
€1.887/L (Euro95)
€1.531/L (Diesel) €1.949/L (Superplus) | 05/09/2012 | |
98
| Norway | Ya | 14 | 2.66 | 8.6716 | NOK 15.78/L (95) NOK 14.44/L (Diesel) | 06/05/2014 |
Rokok Elektronik, e-rokok -- oleh Ahmad Yusdirman Rokok elektronik adalah nama panggilan kepada alat yang membekalkan dos nikotin dalam bentuk wap dengan memanaskan cecair campuran propylene glycol, glycerol, perasa makanan dan nikotin menjadikannya berbentuk wap dan disedut oleh pengguna. Alat ini memberikan perokok yang ingin berhenti merokok masih mendapatkan dos nikotin dan masih lagi dapat menikmati aktiviti merokok kerana wap yang dikeluarkan adalah kelihatan seumpama asap rokok. Terdapat beberapa nama panggilan untuk rokok elektronik ini termasuklah eRokok, vapor dan ecig. Namun, oleh kerana panggilan rokok elektronik masih menggunakan perkataan 'rokok', ianya masih lagi memberikan stigma kepada masyarakat yang tidak tahu mengenainya. Panggilan 'vapor' yang bermaksud 'wap' adalah lebih ringan diterima masyarakat. Sejarah Rokok elektronik pertama sekali diperkenalkan oleh Herbert A. Gilbert pada tahun 1963[1] namun tidak dikomersilkan dan k...
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